Modern techniques in 'keyhole surgery' allow radiologists to introduce catheters and other micro-instruments into the body's cavities in order to perform quantitative measurements, biopsies, and therapeutic procedures such as stone removal and abscess drainage. Such techniques are being usedincreasingly frequently in operations on the genitourinary tract, enabling the minimally invasive and cost-effective removal of stone of the kidney and bladder. The contributors to this book have all developed expertise in a specific field of uroradiological investigation and diagnosis. Each chapteris a personal portrayal of the author's extensive experience, rather than an exhaustive review of the existing literature. Included are details of the equipment used as well as descriptions of the use of lasers in the urinary tract - a field that is rapidly developing and is set to further enhancethe use of minimally invasive techniques. Methods of diagnosis that involve physiological measurements are discussed, as are the commonly seen endoprostheses that are inserted into the urinary tract. The emphasis in this book is strongly didactic, presenting the latest techniques for both radiologydepartments wishing to develop interventional techniques, and trainees wishing to gain detailed knowledge of the subject.
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