Degenerative Disc Disease

Written by an international group of recognized experts, this volume is a comprehensive, up-to-date reference on degenerative disc disease. Coverage begins with the epidemiology, physiology, and biomechanical effects of degenerative disc disease and proceeds to diagnosis, clinical presentation, and conservative and surgical treatment modalities. The book offers practical advice on when to operate and when to treat conservatively and provides complete information on alternatives to surgery and surgical options. Chapters describe the new total disc replacements that are currently used in Europe and undergoing clinical trials in the United States. Also included are discussions of economic and ethical considerations.