Distributed Sensor Arrays Localization

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- 1: Distributed Sensor Arrays -- 1.1#Regular Sensor Array -- 1.2#Wired Sensor Array -- 1.2.1#DSA Response -- 1.2.2#Focused Beam -- 1.2.3#Boundary Array -- 1.3#Autonomous Wireless Sensor Network -- 1.3.1#Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) -- 1.4#Types of Sensors -- 1.4.1#Thermal Sensor -- 1.4.2#Microphone -- 1.4.3#Hydrophones -- 1.4.4#Accelerometer -- 1.4.5#Electromagnetic (EM) Sensors -- 1.4.6#Electric Sensors -- 1.4.7#Magnetic Sensors -- 1.4.8#Hall Effect -- 1.4.9#Nanosensors -- References -- 2: Basic Inputs -- 2.1#RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH -- 2.2#LIGHTHOUSE EFFECT -- 2.2.1#Beam generation -- 2.2.2#Prototype -- 2.2.3#Events with Large Propagation Speed Difference -- 2.3#TIME OF ARRIVAL -- 2.4#TIME DIFFERENCE OF ARRIVAL -- 2.4.1#TDoA with A Reference Transmitter -- 2.5#FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE OF ARRIVAL -- 2.6#DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL -- 2.7#PHASE CHANGE -- 2.8#INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY -- 2.9#SUMMARY -- References -- 3: Estimation of ToA/TDoA/FDoA -- 3.1#Generalized Cross-Correlation -- 3.2#Time Delay As FIR Filter -- 3.3#Eigenvector Approach -- 3.4#Subspace Approach -- 3.5#Capon's Minimum Variance -- 3.6#Adaptive Notch Filter -- 3.6.1#Adaptation scheme -- 3.6.2#Delay estimation -- 3.7#Instantaneous Frequency Spectrum -- 3.8#Phase-Based Methods -- 3.8.1#Multitone signaling -- 3.8.2#Sliding FDFT -- 3.9#Frequency Difference of Arrival -- 3.9.1#Adaptive Frequency Detector -- 3.9.2#Computational complexity -- 3.10#Summary -- References -- 4: Localization -- 4.1#Received Signal Strength -- 4.1.1#Transmitter Coordinates -- 4.1.2#Estimation Errors -- 4.2#ToA Measurements -- 4.2.1#Simple Method -- 4.2.2#Iterative Method -- 4.3#TDoA Measurements -- 4.3.1#Re-Minimization -- 4.3.2#Treat Range as a Variable