Photochemical Water Splitting Materials and Applications

2.3.3 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction -- 2.4 Criteria for the Selection of Photocatalytic Material -- 2.5 Overpotential -- 2.6 Band Gap and Band Edge Position in Photocatalytic Materials -- 2.7 Band Edge Bending: Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface Reactions -- 2.8 Efficiency (Solar to Hydrogen Conversion, Turnover Number, Quantum Yield, Photoconversion Efficiency, Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiency [%], Absorbed Photon-to-Current Efficiency) -- 2.8.1 Turnover Number -- 2.8.2 Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiencies -- 2.8.3 Absorbed Photon-to-Current Efficiency -- 2.8.4 Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency -- 2.8.5 Quantum Efficiency -- 2.9 Excitonic Binding Energy -- 2.10 Diffusion Length -- 2.11 Carrier Mobility and Penetration in Photocatalysts -- 2.11.1 Electrical Conductivity and Mobility -- 2.11.2 Temperature Dependence of Mobility -- 2.11.3 Mobility versus Diffusion -- 2.11.4 Doping Dependence of Electron Mobility and Hole Mobility -- 2.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Water-Splitting Technologies for Hydrogen Generation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Electrolytic Water Splitting -- 3.2.1 PEM Electrolyzer -- 3.2.2 Alkaline Electrolyzers -- 3.2.3 Acid Electrolyzers -- 3.2.4 Solid Oxide Electrolyzers -- 3.3 Biophotocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.4 Thermochemical Water Splitting -- 3.4.1 Thermodynamics of Thermochemical Water Splitting -- 3.4.2 Single-Step Cycle -- 3.4.3 Two-Step Cycle -- 3.4.4 Three-Step Cycle -- 3.4.5 K-Step Cycle -- 3.4.6 Hybrid Cycle -- 3.5 Mechanocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.6 Plasmolytic Water Splitting -- 3.7 Magnetolysis of Water -- 3.8 Radiolysis of Water -- 3.9 Photocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.10 Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting -- 3.10.1 Types of PEC Devices -- 3.10.1.1 Direct PEC or Photosynthetic Cells -- 3.10.1.2 Biased PEC Devices -- 3.10.1.3 PV Cell