Earth Science

Earth science is the scientific study of the physical constitution of the Earth and the four spheres of the Earth, namely the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and the biosphere. It also encompasses the study of the physical characteristics and processes that occur in the Earth such as earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes or floods. Some of the important branches of Earth science are physical geography, geology, soil science, geophysics, hydrology, ecology, etc. This textbook is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of earth science. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.