Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical thermodynamics deals with the study of the interconnection of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics entails not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. Heating is a process in which the temperature of system, separated with diathermic border from its surrounding, is increased. This process leads to passing system from a state of lower energy to higher one. Heating process based on the energy difference between system and its surrounding provides identify of an important property which indicates the flow direction of energy.Chemical Thermodynamics is dedicated to dissemination of significant new knowledge in experimental equilibrium thermodynamics and transport properties of chemical systems. The book goes from the fundamentals up to several applications in different scientific fields. It covers topics relating to gases, liquids, solids, polymers, mixtures, solutions and interfaces. Studies on systems with variability, such as biological or bio-based materials, gas hydrates, among others, are also considered. Experimental methods are described in sufficient detail to allow critical understanding. Being concentrated on a wide range of topics in chemical thermodynamics, this book integrates a series of contributions by the eminent researchers and scientists in the world. This book will appeal to advanced graduate students and can also serve as a valuable guide for researchers to whom the thermodynamics is one of the areas of interest.