Enzyme Nanocarriers

Enzyme immobilization on solid supports has been considered for a long time as an attractive solution to perform sophisticated organic synthesis, as required in the preparation of fine pharmaceutical chemicals. But in the late 1990s, the tremendous progress in molecular biology fundamentals opened up the possibilities to feed a tool box for building new bio-inspired nanotechnologies. Among them was the goal of repositioning biocatalysts in environments mimicking their genuine working place: the cell. The research presented in this book was selected among the most impressive achievements in the fields of enzyme bio-conjugation and bio-inspired nanosupports. It opens up potential applications in nanocatalysis and for lab-on-a-chip and biosensor devices, drug delivery vectors, and nanometrology. The book is a rich source of inspiration for the researcher seeking to build smart materials requiring nanoscale positional control of functional proteins on various carriers. Most of the supports described pertain to soft materials (cells, virus, polymers, DNA) and most of the examples benefit from the amazing properties of proteins and DNA to self-assemble, according to the "bottom-up law," a specific feature of all living systems. But as treated in the last chapter, these enzyme nanocarriers have also the potential to be grafted on solid supports through "top-down" technologies, spanning orders of magnitude from the nano- to the mesoscale and above.