Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Angiography -- HR-MRI for Vessel Wall Imaging -- References -- Transcranial Doppler -- Abstract -- Transcranial Doppler -- The Physics and Principles of Transcranial Doppler -- Examination Techniques for Intracranial Arteries -- Diagnosis for Intracranial Large Artery Stenosis -- Other Applications in Intracranial Atherosclerosis -- References -- Antithrombotic Therapy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Antithrombotic Agents for Stroke: General Overview -- Antiplatelet Therapy for ICAS -- References -- Angioplasty and Stenting -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The History of Angioplasty and Stenting for ICAS -- Peri-Operative Care and Technical Nuance -- Treatment for Tandem or Multifocal Stenoses -- Patient Selection Based on Stroke Mechanism -- Complications of Intracranial Stenting -- SAMMPRIS and On-Going Debates -- Stenting May Still be Needed in ICAS Patients -- Stenting Is Not Needed in ICAS Patients -- References -- Surgical Therapy -- Abstract -- Intracranial Revascularization Surgery -- Decompressive Craniectomy for Massive MCA Infarction -- References -- Non-Atherosclerotic Intracranial Arterial Diseases -- Abstract -- Arterial Dissection -- Intracranial Arterial Dissection -- Clinical Manifestations -- Fibromuscular Dysplasia -- Dolichoectasia -- Infectious Diseases -- Viral Infection -- Parasitic Infections -- Spirochetal Infection -- Fungal Infections -- Kawasaki Disease -- Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome -- Isolated CNS Angiitis -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Polyarteritis Nodosa -- Recreational Drug Use -- Radiation Injury -- Sarcoidosis -- Thromboangiitis Obliterans -- Takayasu's Arteritis -- CADASIL -- References -- Moyamoya Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathology and Pathogenesis -- Clinical Features -- Diagnosis of MMD -- Management of MMD -- Surgical Indications and Procedures for MMD