Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination

3.5.4 Effectiveness of combination of photocatalysts and photo-Fenton reagent in reduction of TOC in reactor studies -- 3.6 Concluding remarks -- 4. Metal oxide nanophotocatalysts for water purification -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Iron oxide nanomaterials -- 4.3 Graphene oxide-based nanocomposites -- 4.4 Iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment -- 4.4.1 Adsorptive technologies -- 4.4.1.1 Iron oxide as a nanosorbent for heavy metals -- 4.4.1.2 Iron oxide as nanosorbents for organic contaminants -- 4.4.2 Photocatalytic technology -- 4.4.2.1 Preparation of iron oxide/graphene-based nanomaterials -- 4.4.2.2 Properties of [alpha]-Fe[Sub(2)] O[Sub(3)] nanoparticles -- 4.4.2.3 [alpha]-Fe[Sub(2)] O[Sub(3)] nanoparticles/graphene nanocomposites from M-H treatment using HMT and PEG -- 4.5 Concluding remarks -- 5. Wind technology design and reverse osmosis systems for off-grid and grid-connected applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wind energy technology overview -- 5.2.1 Wind technology history -- 5.2.2 Wind technology description -- 5.2.2.1 Technical description of modern wind turbines -- 5.2.2.2 Wind turbine classification -- 5.2.2.3 Wind turbine capacity -- 5.2.3 Wind technology progress -- 5.2.4 Wind market share -- 5.2.5 Cost of wind energy -- 5.3 Wind desalination combinations -- 5.3.1 Wind and MVC combination -- 5.3.2 Wind and ED/EDR combination -- 5.3.3 Wind and RO combination -- 5.3.3.1 Off-grid wind reverse osmosis -- 5.3.3.2 On-grid wind reverse osmosis -- 5.4 Wind desalination market -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 6. Geothermal energy/desalination concepts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Geothermal desalination concepts -- 6.3 Low-enthalpy direct hot water use desalination systems -- 6.3.1 Wet-rock harvested seawater or brackish water and adsorption desalination (AD) -- 6.3.2 Wet-rock harvested seawater or brackish water and membrane distillation (MD)