The Constitution of Poland A Contextual Analysis

1. Polish Constitutional History and Tradition -- I. Introduction -- II. Independence and Republicanism -- III. Democratic Tradition -- IV. Freedom in Polish Constitutionalism -- V. The Evolution of Human Rights in Poland -- VI. The Development ́€" and Crisis ́€" of Constitutional Review -- VII. Conclusion -- 2. The Fundamental Principles of the Polish Constitution -- I. Introduction -- II. Key Principles of the Polish Constitution -- III. Sources of Law -- IV. The Functioning of the Constitution without a Formal Amendment -- V. Conclusion -- 3. Parliament -- I. Introduction -- II. The Electoral System and the Composition of Parliament -- III. The Impact of Political Parties on the Parliament -- IV. The Functioning of Parliament in the Presence of Majority Governments and Weak Bicameralism -- V. The Parliament and European Integration -- VI. The Future of Poland's Second Chamber -- VII. Conclusion -- 4. The Executive -- I. Introduction -- II. The President -- III. The Council of Ministers and Government Administration -- IV. Conclusion -- 5. Judicial Power -- I. Introduction -- II. The Constitutional Structure of the Polish Courts -- III. Independent Courts and Independent Judges as the Backbone of Judicial Power -- IV. National Judges as EU Judges -- V. Conclusion -- 6. Constitutional Review and Constitutional Accountability -- I. Introduction -- II. The Constitutional Court -- III. Constitutional Accountability (Tribunal of State) -- IV. Conclusion -- 7. Local Governance -- I. Between a Civil Society and a Political State -- II. Citizens as the Beneficiaries of Local Self-Government -- III. Self-Government and Government Administration at the Local Level -- IV. Difficulties in Oversight of Local Self-Government -- V. Local Self-Government in the EU -- VI. Conclusion -- 8. Constitutional Freedoms and Rights -- I. Introduction -- II. Three Bills of Rights -- III. General Principles of Human Rights in Poland -- IV. The Limited Scope of Individual Obligations -- V. The Mechanisms of Protection of Fundamental Rights.