Meta-organizations

Preface vii List of abbreviations and acronyms viii Organized organizations 1 (8) The need for a theory 4 (2) An overview of the book 6 (3) Many meta-organizations 9 (34) Organizations that do not know who they are 9 (3) Why ``meta-organizations''? 12 (2) Meta-organizations over time 14 (3) How many are there? 17 (5) Case studies 22 (16) Other meta-organizations 38 (5) Environment, members, and meta-organizations 43 (19) Organization as order 44 (5) Decided and non-decided orders 49 (4) Organizational environments 53 (4) Individuals or organizations as members 57 (5) Creating and sustaining meta-organizations 62 (30) Eliminating environment 62 (3) Incentives for creating meta-organizations 65 (12) Recruiting members 77 (8) Dependence on members 85 (5) From environment to member 90 (2) Similarity, dissimilarity, and identity formation 92 (15) The first and last names of organizations 93 (7) Shifting relations between similarity and dissimilarity 100 (7) Conflicts and decision-making problems 107 (25) Sources of conflict 107 (6) Difficulties solving conflicts 113 (10) Handling conflicts in meta-organizations 123 (9) The dynamics of meta-organizations 132 (10) Survival or dissolution 132 (5) Transitional forms 137 (5) Meta-organizations and individual-based organizations 142 (7) Underestimated organizations? 146 (3) Organized globalization 149 (24) Globalization through meta-organizations 149 (6) Globalization of meta-organizations 155 (7) Governance and networks 162 (4) A striped order? 166 (4) The study of meta-organizations 170 (3) References 173 (12) Index 185.