Handbook of Environmental Analysis Chemical Pollutants in Air, Water, Soil, and Solid Wastes

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- Section I: Analytical Techniques -- Chapter 1: Environmental Analysis: An Overview -- Chapter 2: Precision and Accuracy of Analysis -- Statistics in Environmental Analysis -- Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Environmental Analysis -- Precision and Accuracy -- Control Charts -- Chapter 3: Analysis of Organic Pollutants by Gas Chromatography -- Selection of Column -- Detectors -- Calibration -- Calculations -- External Standard Calibration -- Alternative Calculation -- Internal Standard Method -- Routine Analysis -- Chapter 4: Analysis of Organic Pollutants by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry -- Terms and Definitions -- Application of Mass Spectrometry -- Interpretation of Mass Spectra -- Number of Carbon Atoms -- Nitrogen Rule -- Index of Hydrogen Deficiency -- Determination of Molecular Formula -- Chemical Ionization -- Limitation of GC/MS Analysis -- U.S. EPA Methods -- Volatile Organics by Purge and Trap Method -- Semivolatile Organics -- Tuning -- Compound Identification -- Calibration -- References -- Chapter 5: Extraction of Organic Pollutants and Sample Cleanup -- Sample Extraction -- Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- Solid Phase Extraction -- Soxhlet Extraction -- Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- Cleanup -- Acid-Base Partitioning -- Alumina Column Cleanup -- Silica Gel Cleanup -- Florisil Column Cleanup -- Gel-Permeation Cleanup -- Sulfur Cleanup -- Permanganate-Sulfuric Acid Cleanup -- Chapter 6: Titrimetric Analysis -- Acid-Base Titration -- Calculation -- Oxidation-Reduction Titrations -- Standardization of Oxidants -- Reducing Agent -- Oxidation-Reduction Indicators -- Iodometric Titration -- Role of Potassium Iodide -- Reducing Agent -- Standardization of Na2S2O3 -- Starch Indicator